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Repeat Hydro/CO2 - 2016 - Global

Project Title:	Collaborative Research: Global Ocean Repeat Hydrography, Carbon, and Tracer Measurements, 2015-2020	Project Status:	Submitted
Principal Investigator:	James Swift, SIO	Project Institution:	SIO
Project ID:	104256	Version #:	7
Date Submitted:	2/13/2014 6:59:00 PM	Created By:	James Swift
Date Last Modified:	9/7/2018 2:38:00 PM	URI Serial #:	None
Funding Agencies:	NSF/OCE/PO - 1437015 - Funded
Summary of Field Work:	year Line leader days at sea start port end port 2015 P16_1 NOAA 68-71 (2 leg total) Papeete Honolulu 2015 P16_2 NOAA 68-71 (2 leg total) Honolulu Kodiak 2015 ARC01 UNOLS 5 days added to GEOTRACES Dutch Harbor Dutch Harbor 2016 P18_1 NOAA 75-80 (2 leg total) San Diego Easter Island 2016 P18_2 NOAA 75-80 (2 leg total) Easter Island Punta Arenas 2016 I08S UNOLS 38 Fremantle Fremantle 2016 I09N UNOLS 41 Fremantle Phuket 2016 I01E UNOLS 14 Phuket Columbo 2017 P06_1 UNOLS 42 Sydney Papeete 2017 P06_2 UNOLS 37 Papeete Valparaiso 2018 S04P +P16S & P18S to shelf UNOLS 67 Hobart Punta Arenas 2018 I07N NOAA 43 Durban Goa 2019 I05 UNOLS 55 Cape Town Fremantle 2019 I06S UNOLS 40 Cape Town Capetown 2020 A13.5 NOAA 42 Cape Town Takoradi (Ghana) We plan to carry out trans-oceanic sections of reference-quality surface-to-bottom measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, CFCs, carbon system parameters, and other tracers along the tracks of previously-occupied sections, chiefly from the WOCE era, so that the WOCE, CLIVAR, and new data can be compared. This work is part of a systematic and global re-occupation of select hydrographic sections being carried out to quantify changes in storage and transport of heat, fresh water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and related parameters. By integrating the scientific needs of the carbon and hydrography/tracer communities, major synergies and cost savings are achieved. The work consists of boundary-to-boundary sections of full-depth stations at nominal 30-nmile spacing in basin interiors (closer at boundaries and over bathymetric features) with one deployment per station of a CTDO/rosette system with 36 10-liter bottles and LADCP. The ship's standard underway ssytems including meteorology, surface seawater T/S/O2/pCO2/etc., centerline depth to bottom, navigation, hull-mounted ADCP, etc. are also used. Argo float deployments are routinely done. Program water column measurements include CTDO, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, CFCs, ocean carbon parameters, and various tracers. Requests for ancillary sampling are commonly received in the year (or more) ahead of each cruise.
Summary of Facility Requirements:	CTD winch (and spare CTD winch; or spare drum if replaceable at sea on main winch); must be able to level wind the wire used; must be suitable for conducting cable; modern slip-rings in good condition; read-outs for winch speed, tension, and wire out (prefer slave/remote read-outs also available in CTD lab); control of winch payout and recovery speed steady in range 0.1 - 1.0 meters/second (10-60 meters/minute), with smooth low-speed "inching" during deployment and recovery; sheaves: adequate diameter and construction for UNOLS 0.322" CTD cable; guard to keep cable from jumping sheave when wire goes slack; anti-icing if used in icing conditions; wire: UNOLS 0.322" CTD cables required on main CTD winch and spare; prefer 10,000 meters wire, but require at least 1000m more wire than depth of deepest cast; wire history available; lubricant/dressing history and chemical composition available if CFCs or trace organics are to be measured; Will use nearly all lab space on UNOLS Global-class ship plus at least one lab van and 1-3 storage vans. No radioisotope use - in fact, ship must be swab-tested to be "clean" for 14C and tritium. Some cruises use 50 or more standard compressed gas cylinders. Normal ship's underway systems, including pCO2, used on all program cruises.
Summary of other requirements and comments:	Swift assists logistics coordination for UNOLS, USCG, and USAP cruises for the program. Swift will hand off cruise planning to the chief scientist for each cruise. The chief scientist is selected by the science oversight committee (chairs: L. Talley and R. Feely) ca. one year ahead of each cruise. Ports listed are commonly-used ports convenient to the ends of the transects. Other ports can be used, but may change total days at sea for a given cruise. It is common for the program to receive requests for additional sampling, sometimes requiring extra ship time, ahead of a given cruise. NSF has asked that, whenever possible, such requests be made a year ahead of a given cruise so that agency consideration can be given to the overall costs of the extra days. Shipboard complement for the core program is about 24 persons, not including foreign observers (if required), resident technicians, or personnel from add-on ancillary programs (typically 1-12 extra persons for ancillary prorgams). There is confusion regarding the definitions of terms on the UNOLS ship time request forms in terms of days requested. Due to complicated loading, each cruise requires 4 days on in-port loading (except for 102 cruises with multi-day transits to the first station, in which case 3 full days of loading may be sufficient). Each cruise also requires 2 days in port at the end of the cruise for unloading, except when the final stations are very close to port, in which case an extra day in port is required to analyze the final samples from sea. The Arctic cruise for the program in 2015 was established by agreement with US GEOTRACES to slightly enhance their approved-for-funding 2015 Arctic Ocean cruise on USCGC Healy by adding 5 extra days to their 58 day request (total now 63 days at sea), 6 extra techs, 24 extra stations, and 2 lab vans (or equivalent lab space). So our ship-time request here is only for the 5 extra days.

Type of Request:	Primary Ship Use	Request Status:	Submitted
Request ID:	1006785	Created By:	James Swift
Date Last Modified:	9/7/2018 2:38:00 PM	Date Submitted:	2/13/2014 6:59:00 PM

Year:	2016	Ship/Facility:	Global
Optimum Start Date:	1/20/2016	Dates to Avoid:	This cruise leg extends as close to Antarctica as a Global-class ship can reach, hence it should be run so that its closest approach to Antarctica occurs near the time of the sea-ice minimum (February). This is the I08S cruise. The last time this cruise was done, it was done immediately before I09N. But it could also be run immediately after I09N (if the liens were run in the reverse order. This edited copy 24APR2015, using Fremantle for both start and end ports for I08S, saves 4 days over the earlier Dunedin-Fremantle version, using Fremantle for both start and end ports. If ports change, days at sea will need to be updated.

Earliest Start Date:	12/1/2015	Multi-Ship Op:	No
Latest Start Date:	1/1/2017	Other Ship(s):


Operating Days Needed:	Science Days	Mob Days	De-Mob Days	Estimated Transit Days	Total Days
	38	4	2	0	44
Repeating Cruise? (within same year)	No	Interval:		# of Cruises:

Description of Repeating cruise requirements:
Justification/Explanation for ship choice, dates, conflicts, number of days & multi-ship operations:			Global class ship required. "Science Days" shown are total UNOLS days at sea, NOT INCLUDING port days. Cruise can optionally be done from RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, in which case the operation window is slightly larger. But if the Palmer is used, and there is icebreaking, the total number of days at sea will increase due to the time lost to icebreaking.

Short Description of Op Area for use in schedules:	SE Indian Ocean
Description of Op Area:	Begin at AA shelf break near 66S, 84E, angling a little west then east as the section progresses north, finally working along 95E to ca. 28S. Or start at northern end and work south.
Op Area Size/Dia.:	2400

	Lat/Long	Marsden Grid	Navy Op Area
Beginning	65.8° S / 84° E map 65° 48' S / 84° 0' E map	543 map	AN04 map
Ending	28° S / 95° E map 28° 0' S / 95° 0' E map	398 map	IN04 map
	Show Degrees Minutes

Foreign Clearance Required?	Yes	Coastal States: Australia
Important Info on Foreign Research Clearances
Are you or any member in your science party bringing in any science equipment items which are regulated for export by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) and/or the Export Administration Regulations (EAR)?	No	If yes, have you applied for the necessary permits through your export control office?	No
Questions about ITAR/EAR regulations?
Comments about foreign clearance requirements or description of any other special permitting requirements (e.g., MMPA, ESA, IHA, Marine Sanctuaries, etc.)

Requested Start Port	Intermediate Port(s)	Requested End Port
Dunedin, New Zealand	None	Fremantle, Australia
Explanation/justification for requested ports and dates of intermediate stops or to list additional port stops	Lyttleton, NZ is also OK. Other ports can be used with adjustments made to ship time required. Fremantle also works great as both the start and end port if the ship is working in and staying in that part of the world.
Important Info on Working in Foreign Ports

Chief Scientist:		James Swift, SIO
# in Science Party	24	# of different science teams	1	# Marine Technicians to be provided by ship operator: (include in science party total)	2
Explanation of Science Party Requirements and Technician Requirements		The minimum science team size is about 26, including the res techs. Ancillary, add-on programs not yet proposed may increase science party size. We have had as many as 38, including the res techs, on some cruises for this program.

Dynamic Positioning	ADCP	Multibeam	Seismic
Dredging/Coring/Large Dia. Trawl Wire	Stern A-frame	Fiber Optic (.681)	0.680 Coax Wire
SCUBA Diving	Radioisotope use - briefly describe	NO Radioisotope use/Natural level work	Other Operator Provided Inst. - Describe
3 PI-Provided Vans - briefly describe	MOCNESS

Explain Instrumentation or Capability
requirements that could affect choice
of ship in scheduling.

Multibeam is used only in "raw" mode to inspect bathymetry along track and near stations. Centerline depth to bottom is, however, required along track and at stations. Dynamic positioning is used to hold station position and maintain wire safety. There is usually one lab van and 1-2 storage vans for this program. Ship must be swab-tested to verify lack of contamination for 14C and tritium.

Aircraft
Helicopter Ops (USCG)	Twin Otter	Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)
Other AUV	Sentry
Coring Facility
Jumbo Piston Coring	Large Gravity Core	MC800 multicorer w/ MISO camera/telemetry	OSU Coring Facility (MARSSAM)
Other Large Coring Facility	WHOI Long Core
Human Occupied Vehicle (HOV)
Alvin	Clelia (HBOI)	JSL I & II (HBOI)	Other HOV
Other Facility
MISO Facility - deep-sea imaging	Other Facility	Potential Fields Pool Equipment
Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
Jason	Other ROV
Seismic Facility
Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Center (OBSIC)	Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool (OBSIP)	Ocean-Bottom Seismometer Program (UTIG)	Other Seismic/OBS Facility
PASSCAL	Portable MCS group	Portable MCS/SCS group	U.S. Geological Survey Ocean Bottom Seismometer Facility (USGS at WHOI)
Towed Underwater Vehicle
ARGO II	Hawaii MR1 (HMRG)	IMI12 (HMRG)	IMI120 (HMRG - formerly DSL 120A)
IMI30 (HMRG)	Other Towed Underwater Vehicle	Towfish
UNOLS Van Pool
AUV Lab Van #1	Clean Lab Van	Cold Lab Van	General Purpose Lab Van
Radioisotope Lab Van	Wet Lab Van
UNOLS Winch Pool
Mooring Spooler	Portable Winch	Turn Table

Explain Major Ancillary Facilities
Requirements and list description
and provider for "other" systems.

Normally we use a PMEL-supplied lab van for the DIC measurements.

Associated Schedules

Ship Request History